This covers unauthorized use of copyrighted material (music, artwork, video, code) or trademarked names/logos/characters inside your app or its store listing — distinct from impersonating a brand's identity, this is about using their actual protected assets.
Frequently triggered by fan-made apps or games that reuse a franchise's characters, music, or artwork without a license, or by apps that bundle copyrighted media files they don't have distribution rights to.
"We received a complaint that your app infringes the intellectual property rights of a third party. Your app has been removed pending resolution, per Google Play's Intellectual Property policy."